Prices and Wages by Decade: 1910-1919
Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations.
Wages in the United States, 1910-1919
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WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types)
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Union wages and hours of labor, 1907-1919Arranged by occupation and then city. Search for occupations such as carpenters, machinists, waiters, electricians, brewers, chauffeurs, stablemen, roofers, painters, plumbers, etc. Some rows specify wages for women (see women listed frequently on this page for laundry workers).
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Union wages by city, 1907-1921The advantage of this table is that it shows wage rates for all the years from 1907-1921 together, so one can easily see changes over time. Lists union wages by city and then by occupation. Cities include Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, San Francisco and Seattle. The limited number of union jobs listed here tend to fall into the building trades, metal work, and manufacturing.
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War and postwar prices and wages, 1914-23 and 1939-44Compares wage rates and hours of work for the WWI and WWII eras, focusing specifically on the manufacturing, mining, railroad, printing and maritime industries, as well as farm labor wages. Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars.
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Wages paid to workers placed by employment offices, 1918Lists wages in many cities across the U.S., including blacksmiths, boilermakers, bricklayers, carpenters, cleaning women, male and female cooks, drivers and teamsters, dock workers, farm hands, hod carriers, house servants, wiremen, laundry operators, machinists, painters, plasterers, plumbers, saleswomen, seamstresses, sewing machine operators, stenographers (male and female), telephone switchboard operators, waiters, waitresses, and more.
Wages by race, 1910-1919
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Negroes - Wages by occupation, 1890-1920Use the table of contents to find the chapter on the type of job, then use the "Jump to..." box to get to that page in the volume. This book, The Negro Wage Earner cities government wage data. Note that the U. S. Census report Negroes in the United States (1904) shows the most common occupations for Negroes in 1890 and 1900.
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Negro and white worker wages compared, 1918-1919Compares wages and hours of white and Negro workers, by occupation. Source: The Negro at Work During the World War... pp. 45-48, U.S. Dept of Labor.
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Black worker wages, 1910sThe government report Negro Migration in 1916-1917 discusses the reasons for Black exodus to northern cities, comparing wages in each place. Wages are discussed extensively in this volume. For best results, enter "wages" in the "Search in this text" box. Source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Division of Negro Economics.
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Wages by occupation for Black persons in St. Louis, 1914Wages and average annual earnings by occupation are shown in the book Industrial conditions among Negroes in St. Louis, appendixes B and C, pp. 113-123.
Wages by occupation, 1910-1919
See job duties and qualifications in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Descriptions of Occupations, published 1918.
- Architects' earnings, ca. 1914
"Architects ask from $75 to $100 for designing the average dwelling," according to this page of the Montgomery Ward catalog, Building Plans of Modern Homes. - Building and construction trades - Union wages, 1913-1930
Arranged by occupation and then by city and year, this source shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers, inside granite cutters, hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, sheet-metal workers, stonecutters and structural iron workers.
- Carpenter hours and wages by state and city - 1910
Hundreds of towns are included. - Coal mining - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933
- Cotton good occupation earnings, 1914
Source: BLS Monthly labor review, July 1916 - Doctor's earnings, 1914 (Harvard grads only)
Table on p. 60 shows average annual earnings of doctors who graduated from Harvard Medical School between 1901-1910. Explanation of how data was collected. Source.
- Engineers, civil - Compensation in the early 1910s
Data from membership of the American Society of Civil Engineers, as reported in the January 7, 1915 issue of Engineering News. The article refers to an earlier article that appeared in the ASCE Proceedings. Neither are government documents. - Engineering graduates' income by years of experience - 1915
Chart shows average income earned by engineering graduates of an unnamed western state university, broken out by the number of years the person has been out of school.
- Farm workers - Wages and income, 1909 to 1938
The wage rates broken out by year and geographic location. Wages for farm workers are compared to that of factory workers. Article starts on page 59 of the BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1939 issue. - Farm laborer wages, 1818-1948
ists average monthly earnings with board, by geographic divisions. Data for years: 1818, 1826, 1830, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1909, 1919, 1929, 1940, 1948. Read the explanation and historical context for this table. - Farmers income by state, 1919
Near the bottom of each table, see the number of farms and average income of farms in each state. Scroll forward in the source to see all states. Source: National Bureau of Economic Analysis.
- Government salaries and wages
- Federal
- Congressional salaries, 1789-present
Lists salaries along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase.
- Congressional salaries, 1789-present
- State
- New York state, 1911-1931
This source is entirely about compensation of state and local government employees in New York. See the table of contents for additional tables and discussion. - Missouri, 1917
See the salary of every employee at Missouri state agencies and institutions. The data is reported by occupations such as dentist, druggist, physician, chaplain, cook, night watchmen, cooks, nurses and attendants, professors and teachers. Source: Missouri official manual.
- New York state, 1911-1931
- Local government
- Municipal employee salaries, 1913-1915
Lists salary data for 128 occupations in 14 major U.S. cities. Source: Comparative salary data, published by the Philadelphia Bureau of Municipal Research, 1916. - New Haven, CT city employee salaries from 1873-1921
This series of Municipal Year Books from New Haven, Connecticut, show salaries for police, firemen, school teachers, principals, building inspectors, clerks and other jobs working for city government.
- Municipal employee salaries, 1913-1915
- Federal
- Higher education - Salaries for college teachers and administrators, 1913
For each of the major state universities in the U.S., this source lists the minimum and maximum salaries paid to college professors, deans, instructors and tutors. Source: U.S. Bureau of Education Bulletin #60. - Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-1931
- Iron and steel industry workers, 1907-1924
Earnings per hour, customary hours of labor, and actual hours and earnings in one pay period in 1924 are presented in this report for wage earners in ten departments of the iron and steel industry in the United States. Summary figures for preceding years are also shown for each department. - Judicial branch salaries (federal employees), 1908-1922
Arranged geographically, this source shows the salaries of circuit judges, district judges, U.S. marshals, U.S. attorneys and their assistants, deputies, commissioners, court clerks, office boys, messengers, salaries and wages of employees at U.S. penitentiaries, and more. Source: Register of the Department of Justice and the Judicial Officers of the United States. Salaries were listed in this publication up through 1922.
- Lawyers graduated from Harvard - Average annual earnings, 1914
Data taken from a survey Harvard conducted of its own graduates. Shows how much grads earned based on number of years of experience, from 1-10. This is taken from an article comparing lawyers' earnings to that of teachers. It is not a government document. - Lighthouse and light vessels wages, 1916
Reports wages for those who tended lighthouses and who worked on light vessels. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set #7102. - Lumber, millwork, and furniture industries,1907 to 1913 1024271" Figures relating to full-time hours of labor per week and rates of wages per hour are presented for the years 1907 to 1913 inclusive, and for full-time weekly earnings for the years 1910 to 1913 inclusive.
- Lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, wages and hours, 1915
Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 225
- Manufacturing SEE box below for manufacturing wages by industry.
- Military pay for enlisted men in the Marines, Navy and Army, 1917-1920
Many military job titles are listed separately such as electrician, band leader, sergeant major, etc. Pay tables extend from pages 775-782. Source: Soldiers' adjusted compensation: hearings ... Published 1920. - Military pay charts, 1908-1919 (website)
- Nurses - SEE box below for Women's wages by state
- Painters - Union wages per hour and hours per week by city, 1913-1930. Source: Monthly Labor Review, Sep 1930, pp. 151-152.
- Prisoner of war wages - World War I
Discussion on pages 56-65 of History of Prisoner of War Utilization by the United States Army, 1776-1945. The 1918-1919 Annual Report of the War Department tells that prisoners of war interned at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, were paid 25-35 cents per day.
- Railroad cars, building and repair - Wages, 1907-1913
Covers the rates of wages per hour in each year for the major occupations involved in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars. It also includes tables broken down by state. - Railroad employees rates of pay, 1907-1915
This report contains many tables detailing the rates of pay for railroad employees for the years 1907 to 1915 based on division or railroad company. Includes locomotive engineers, locomotive firemen, conductors, trainmen, baggagemen and brakemen. See the table of contents to find the page number for each railroad company discussed. - Railway (electric) employees - average compensation, 1912, 1917, 1922
Table shows the average compensation per employee paid by electric railways in 1912, 1917, and 1922. Includes officials, managers and superintendents, clerks and stenographers, conductors and motormen. Source: National Wealth and Income. - Railway workers' hours and wages by occupation, 1914-1923
Source: Wages, hours and employment of railroad workers published 1924 by the National Industrial Conference Board.
- Sawmill wages, 1910-1930
Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (April 1931) - Shipbuilding industry wages, 1918
See ship builder pay in 1918, pp. 208-212.
See wage rates by occupation for shipbuilding workers on the Atlantic coast, Gulf coast and Great Lakes districts, and in the Pacific coast shipyards. - Shoe industry wages, 1910-1930
Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. Occupations included are limited before 1916. Wages shown in contemporary US dollars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930 - Silk good occupation earnings, 1914
Source: BLS Monthly labor review, July 1916 - Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, wages and hours - 1917
- Street railway employment in the U.S., 1917
Wages, additional compensation, and hours or labor and days worked. For further information on the actual jobs and duties, see also description of occupations in street railway industry.
- Teachers SEE box below for teachers salaries
- Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1912, 1917, 1922
Table shows the average compensation per employee in the telephone industry by occupational group (officers, managers, clerks, operators, other) for 1912, 1917, and 1922. Source: National Wealth and Income. - Woolen and worsted good occupation earnings, 1914
Source: BLS Monthly labor review, July 1916
Manufacturing wages, 1910-1919
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Manufacturing industries - Wages, hours and earnings, 1914-1919Reports wages, hours and earnings by occupation and sex for each year from 1914-1919 in the metal, cotton, wool, silk, boot and shoe, paper, rubber, and chemical manufacturing industries. Source: Wartime Changes in Wages by the National Industrial Conference Board.
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Factory employee average annual wages - 1914, 1919Table shows average annual wage per factory employee, by major manufacturing groups, in 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923 (p. 262). See table 164 on page 264 for average annual wage per factory employee by principal regions.
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Manufacturing industry - Average monthly earnings, 1918-1920Shows breakouts by type of manufacturing operation: automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel, hosiery/underwear manufacture, etc. Source: Survey of Current Business. Find additional data by checking other issues of this publication.
WAGES in FOOD MANUFACTURING, 1910s
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Candy makers - Wages in Philadelphia, 1919Most of the workers in this industry were women and girls. The report goes into great detail on the living expenses these workers had, the degree to which they needed to support family members with their wages, and necessary expenditures.
WAGES in CLOTHING MANUFACTURING, 1910s
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Boot and shoe manufacturing - Wages and hours, 1910 to 1932Average hours and earnings by occupation.
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Clothing industry - Wages and hours of labor, 1911 and 1912Rates of wages per hour in cigar manufacturing and clothing manufacturing for the years 1911 and 1912. The tables are broken down by occupation and city.
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Clothing (men's) manufacturing - Wages, 1911 to 1924Tells wages for the years 1911 to 1914, 1919, and 1922. The wage data for this bulletin are from establishments engaged in making men’s outer garments—coats, pants, vests, and over-coats—for the trade, or what is commonly known as men’s ready-made clothing. Special-order and merchant-tailor establishments are not included.
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Clothing (women's) manufacturing - Piece rates, New York City - 1912 and 1913This source goes into detail on how employees were paid for piecework, which could include hemming, button sewing, setting the collars, etc. on women's garments.
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Clothing (cloak, suit, and skirt manufacture) - Wages, 1912-1913Wage data for New York City in manufacturer association shops and non-association shops. Source also shows wages for workers in Boston in association shops. See chart showing the difference in pay for males and females in Boston shops.
WAGES in TEXTILE MANUFACTURING, 1910s
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Cotton goods manufacturing and finishing industry - Wages and hours, 1916Workers in this industry engaged in spinning, weaving, dyeing, bleaching and printing fabrics in addition to other tasks involved in preparing cloth. Shows data by state for 1914 and 1916.
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Cotton, woolen, and silk industry wages, 1890-1912These workers engaged in spinning, weaving, printing, dyeing and otherwise performing tasks for the manufacture of fabrics. Shows hourly wages and typical hours per week.
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Woolen goods manufacturing - Wages and hours of labor, 1910 to 1930Average earnings and hours worked for workers in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing in 15 states.
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Cotton-goods wages, 1910-1930Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Nov 1930.
WAGES in FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1910s
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Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910 to 1929Average and classified earnings by occupations. Hours worked, overtime and bonuses. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 526
WAGES in CIGAR MANUFACTURING, 1910s
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Cigar industry - Wages and hours of labor, 1911 and 1912Rates of wages per hour in cigar manufacturing and clothing manufacturing for the years 1911 and 1912. The tables are broken down by occupation and city.
Teacher salaries by location, 1910-1919
See tabs above for individual states
- Average salaries of teachers in 1914-1915
- Average annual teacher salaries by city, 1917-1918. Source: Table #61 in Biennial survey of education in the U.S. See also this data as a graph.
- Teacher salary schedules in 1918-1919
- Estimated salaries and cost of living for teachers by state, 1918. Shows average salaries, estimated needed salaries, as well as total and estimated expenditures. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1919
- Average salaries of college professors, 1908-1914
TEACHER SALARIES in CALIFORNIA, 1910s
Most data is broken out by women and men teachers.
- 1911-1912
- Kindergarten teacher salaries (100% women teachers)
- Elementary school teacher salaries
- High School teacher salaries
- 1913-1914
- Kindergarten teacher salaries (100% women teachers)
- Elementary school teacher salaries
- High school teacher salaries
- 1915-1916
- 1918
- For additional California school reports dating from 1866-1937, see the record in Hathi Trust.
TEACHER SALARIES in GEORGIA, 1910s
- 1911
- School teacher salary general summary (see "Statistical Summary")
- School teacher salaries by county and by male/female
- 1915 and 1916
- Statewide summary of teacher salaries by race and sex
- School teacher salaries by county, and further broken out by race and sex of teacher
- 1919
- School teacher salary statewide averages by race and sex of teacher, broken out by grammar school and high school
- For additional Georgia school reports dating from 1879-1922, see the Hathi Trust record.
TEACHER SALARIES in MISSOURI, 1910s
- 1911-1912
- Average salary per month (male, female and general) by county. This table spans three pages, 104 to 106.
- Statewide average salary per month by sex.
- Average annual salary (male, female and general) by type of high school maintained and for schools not in villages, towns or cities. Table headings can be found on pervious page.
- Average annual salary (male, female and general) in town versus country schools.
- For additional Missouri school reports dating from 1868/1869-1936/1937, see the Hathi Trust record.
TEACHER SALARIES in SOUTH CAROLINA, 1910s
TEACHER SALARIES in TEXAS, 1910s
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Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953Chart shows annual salaries for all school personnel in Texas without breakouts for occupation, years of training, years of experience, etc. Note: these figures likely include administrator pay in the averages.
Wages by state, 1910-1919
WAGES in CALIFORNIA, 1910s
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Weekly earnings in California, 1913Tables from California's Bureau of Labor Statistics show how much men and women earned across all industries. By paging forward in the report, one can find breakouts for many individual industries.
WAGES in ILLINOIS, 1910s
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Cook County IL - Employee salaries, 1919Note: Cook county salaries for additional years are available in this source.
WAGES in MASSACHUSETTS, 1910s
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Wages by occupation in Massachusetts, 1910This book collects very detailed statistics of hourly and weekly wages by industry and locality in the state of Massachusetts.
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Average yearly earnings - Massachusetts, 1910Shows earnings for a variety of industries throughout the state. Source: Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor
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Boston - Changes in wages, 1914-1920Shows changes in weekly and hourly wages for workers within unionized industries in Boston between 1914 and 1920. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920
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Lawrence, MA - Textile industry wages, 1911This report contains detailed tables showing average hourly rates of wages by occupation, sex, and age group at cotton and woolen and worsted mills in Lawrence, MA in November 1911. Chapter Two discusses wages, hours, and conditions in the textile mills in depth.
WAGES in MISSOURI, 1910s
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Missouri - Average weekly wages by occupation, 1914Shows average weekly wages for a number of occupations such as bakers, breweries, electricians, machinists, stevedores, teamsters, and more. Source: 1914 Missouri Workmen's Compensation Commission report, pp. 110-113.
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Wages in Kansas City and St. Louis, 1913-1920Shows the hourly wages of selected trades in both Kansas City and St. Louis between 1913 and 1920. Wages shown in US cents. Source: 41st Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of Missouri, pp. 910-914
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Farm labor wages in Missouri, 1866-1930Shows average farm labor wage in Missouri with and without board, during harvest time or at other times. Source: Missouri State Dept of Agriculture.
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St. Louis city employee salaries and wages, 1913This city directory lists individual city employees, their occupations and pay. It does not show salary averages. Tip: enter an occupation in the "Search in this text" box. Source: List of officers and employes of the city of St. Louis.
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Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Source: 43rd Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of Missouri, pp. 876-887
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Coal mining wages in Missouri, 1890-1922Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Source: 43rd Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of Missouri, pp. 887-889
WAGES in MICHIGAN, 1910s
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Grand Rapids, MI - Furniture manufacturing workers, 1910Rates of pay (per day) for engineers, foremen, cabinet makers, cabinetmakers' helpers, carvers, finishers, machine hands, unskilled laborers, and boys at the Grand Rapids Chair Company. Average earnings of pieceworkers are reported on the next page. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities, Vol. 2 (Serial Set 5922).
WAGES in NEW YORK, 1910s
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Wages and hours for all union occupations in New York state - 1912Shows wages by occupation and town in New York state, and shows the separate wages for men and women. This truly amazing source has an extensive list of occupations, including those seldom seen in other documents: theatrical costumers, musicians for silent movie shows, orchestral musicians, house movers, hearse drivers, piano movers, writers working at newspapers (journalists), sail makers, photo-engravers, bartenders in saloons, elevator men in hotels, and thousands more.
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African Americans' earnings in New York City, ca. 1912Occupations are discussed in chapter 4 and wages in chapter 5. There is also a section on Negro business enterprises on pages 93-142. Source: The Negro at work in New York city; a study in economic progress, a Columbia University publication.
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Theatrical occupations in NYC, 1913-1914Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, musicians, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Source: The Business of the Theater, pp. 199-203.
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Factory wages - New York, 1914-1926Source: Monthly Labor Review, March 1927.
WAGES in OHIO, 1910s
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Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. 613. Check the Table of Contents page for even more wages in manufacturing and construction industries and for people working in retail trades and in transportation.
WAGES in PENNSYLVANIA, 1910s
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Teenagers' occupations and wages by race in Philadelphia, 1912Special study of the occupations and wages of students aged 13-19 years old from two schools. One school (Potter) had white students and the other (Durham) had "colored." This report gives detail on each student's age, job, race and pay.
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Philadelphia pay rates by occupation, 1915Shows pay data for private firms. Occupations include bookkeepers, clerks, messengers, office boys, stenographers, custodians, storekeepers, watchmen, inspectors, cooks, drivers, electricians, elevator operators, machinists, photographers, nurses, unskilled laborers and more. Source: Comparative salary data, pp. 33-47.
WAGES in VERMONT, 1910s
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Farm labor in Vermont - Wages, 1780s-1937Table 26 shows daily wages for laborers, with board for every year from 1780-1937; the explanation begins on page 43. Source: Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station.
Wages by sex, 1910-1919
U. S. Army nurses earned $720-$960 annually in 1918
Click tabs above for individual states.
Because women's wages varied a great deal around the country in the 1910s, most wage data is reported by state. In addition to the state links above, see also the links further above for school teachers, clothing manufacture and laundry work, as women workers were heavily concentrated in those jobs. See list of the most common occupations for women in 1910 and 1920, outside of agricultural work.
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Army nurse corps pay, 1918The pay for nurses was $720 annual for the first period of three years' service, $780 for the second period of three years' service, $840 for the third period of three years' service, $900 for the fourth period of three years' service, and $960 after twelve years' service in the Army Nurse Corps. See congressional statute establishing pay rates.
WOMEN'S WAGES in CALIFORNIA, 1910s
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California - Women's wages, hours and working conditions in 1911There is much information in this 522-page report, especially about working conditions. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 96
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Changes in women's median wages in California, 1914-1925The purpose of this chapter is to show changes in wages around the time that minimum wage laws were being passed. For simplicity, look for tables giving median values. "First quartile" and "third quartiles" are statistical terms explained on page 334.
WOMEN'S WAGES in WASHINGTON, D.C., 1910s
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District of Columbia - Women's wages in 1913Reports hours and wages for women working in retail stores, factories, hotels, restaurants and offices. Some occupations include cashier, saleswoman, laundry worker, baker, shirt maker, seamstress, milliner, typist, waitress, maid, dishwasher, bookkeeper. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set volume 6460.
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District of Columbia - Changes in women's median wages by industry, 1919-1922Source: Bulletin of the Women's Bureau No. 61, 1928
WOMEN'S WAGES in INDIANA, 1910s
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Indiana - Women's wages in mercantile and garment factories, early 1910sAlso discusses hours and working conditions. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 160, published 1914.
WOMEN'S WAGES in KANSAS, 1910s
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Kansas - Changes in women's median wages by industry, 1916-1924Source: Bulletin of the Women's Bureau No. 61, 1928.
WOMEN'S WAGES in MARYLAND, 1910s
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Maryland - Women's wages, hours and working conditions in 1911There is much information in this 522-page report, especially about working conditions. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 96
WOMEN'S WAGES in MASSACHUSETTS, 1910s
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WOMEN'S WAGES in NEW YORK, 1910s
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New York - Union wages and hours for all occupations by sex - 1912In a list that spans pages 448-531, one can see unionized jobs, wages and hours for women listed separately from men. Wages are reported by town/city. Women tend to be clustered in certain fields; click these links to jump directly to the sections: Actors and musicians, Tobacco product manufacture, Public hospital nurses and attendants, Post office clerks, Telegraph operators and clothing factory workers, Printing and bookbindery workers. There are more jobs for female workers throughout this extensive table; check the column labeled "Sex" for the letter F for female.
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Colored women's wages in New York, 1918Study conducted by several civic leagues in collaboration with the YWCA. Source: A New Day for the Colored Woman Worker: A Study of Colored Women in Industry in New York City (published 1919). This is not a government document.
WOMEN'S WAGES in OREGON, 1910s
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Oregon - Minimum wage for women and girls in the 1910sOregon's minimum wage laws for women and girls went into effect in 1913 and 1914. This source documents their actual average earnings before and after the laws took effect. Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin #176.
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Oregon - Changes in women's median wages by industry, 1917-1918Source: Bulletin of the Women's Bureau No. 61, 1928.
WOMEN'S WAGES in PENNSYLVANIA, 1910s
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Pennsylvania - Candy makers in Philadelphia, 1919The report goes into great detail on the workers' living conditions and expenses, and explains how many of them had difficulty living on the low wages.
WOMEN'S WAGES in SOUTH CAROLINA, 1910s
WOMEN'S WAGES in WASHINGTON, 1910s
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Washington state - Changes in women's median wages by industry, 1913-1914, 1920Source: Bulletin of the Women's Bureau No. 61, 1928.
MINIMUM WAGE for WOMEN, 1910s
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History of state minimum wage laws for women and childrenSee a chart showing rates and detail for Arkansas, Arizona, South Dakota, Utah and Puerto Rico. The first federal minimum wage was not enacted until 1938.
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Changes in women's median wages by state and industry - 1910s-1920sThe purpose of this chapter is to show changes in wages around the time that minimum wage laws for women were being passed. For simplicity, look for tables giving median values. "First quartile" and "third quartiles" are statistical terms explained on page 334.
Foreign wages by country, 1910-1919
Wages in ARGENTINA, 1910s
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Buenos Aries - Salaries of teachers and government employees, 1900 and 1910Tables show the 1900 and 1910 salaries per year for teachers in public and national schools and for government employees including letter carriers, policemen, and clerks. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1402.
Wages in AUSTRALIA, 1910s
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Wages by occupation and city - Australia, 1913Shows weekly wages of adult workers in each of the six state capitals. Source: Australia Labor and Industrial Branch report #2, pp. 29-40.
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Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. Source: Monthly Labor Review, June 1922, pp. 82-83.
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Australia - Weekly rate of wages across occupations,1913-1918
Includes bakers, engineers, store clerks, etc. Wages are categorized by industry, occupation, state capital, and sex. Expressed in shillings. Full list of years is provided below:
Wages in AUSTRIA, 1910s
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Salaries of Austrian Civil Service officials, 1910Table shows salaries and allowances of the prime minister, cabinet ministers, supreme court presidents, governors of provinces, and other Austrian officials in 1910.
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Wages by industry - Hungary, 1914-1926Shows the average weekly wages of various occupations in 8 different industries in Budapest. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, May 1928
Wages in CANADA, 1910s
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Canada - Average wages of farm help by provinceCovers the years 1909, 1910 and 1914-1916. Source: Statistics Canada website. More detailed data is available in the Canada Year Book, 1920, pp. 218-219
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Yarmouth, Nova Scotia - Weekly wages of various occupationsThis table, published in 1911, shows wages for various occupations in Nova Scotia, including at cotton mills and iron works and for printers, plumbers, bakers, tailors and tailoresses, barbers, cigar makers, typewriters and stenographers, blacksmiths, carpenters, and masons and plasterers. Some are broken down by sex.
WAGES in CHILE, 1910s
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Coal miner wages in Chile, 1911-1924Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar.
Wages in DENMARK, 1910s
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Denmark - Wages for skilled and unskilled workers, 1914-1920Shows wages in 1914, 1919, and 1920 for both men and women at different skill levels. Expressed in Danish øre. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920
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Denmark - Changes in wages, 1914-1920Shows wages by occupation for 1914 and 1920 in and outside of Copenhagen. Expressed in Danish øre. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920, pp. 87-89
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Agricultural wages - Denmark, 1910-1918Shows the yearly wages of various agricultural occupations for both men or women. Prices are shown in Danish kroner. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Nov 1922
Wages in FRANCE, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Wages in Frances, 1911-1921Shows average wages for a variety of occupations and industries. Source: Monthly Labor Review Dec 1921, pp. 92-98.
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Roubaix, France - Average labor wages, 1912Table shows average 1912 wage per day, in francs and United States equivalent, for the principal industries and traces in the city of Roubaix. Source: Congressional Serial Set vol. 6184.
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Domestic servants' wages in France, 1913This table shows the wages paid to domestic workers in France in 1913. Wages are divided by occupation or sex and include cooks, valets, coachmen, chambermaids, and general servants.
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Government employees in France - Salaries and wages, 1900 and 1910.Reports the 1900 and 1910 wages (in dollars) for employees in government match and tobacco factories. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1224-1225.
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Havre - Salaries of officials and civil servants, 1900 and 1910Table shows salaries (in dollars) of officials and civil servants in Havre, France for 1900 and 1910. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1302.
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Wages by occupation - Lyon, 1914-1920Shows the daily wages of bakers, electricians, street railway employees, and builders in the Rhone region. Wages are shown in francs. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1920
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French coal mining wages, 1913-1924Shows the average daily wages for workers in different occupations in French coal mines. Wages are shown in French francs. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Aug 1925
Wages in GERMANY, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Berlin - Salaries and wages of officials and teachers, 1900 and 1910Tables show the minimum and maximum 1900 and 1910 salaries of post-office officials, police officials, fire service employees, and teachers at secondary and primary schools. Also shows per diem wages of the street cleaning and sprinkling service. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1237-1238.
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Hamburg - Salaries of public officers, 1900 and 1910Shows salaries for police officers, fire brigade, custom-house officers, court officials and judges, teachers in schools, and in the building department. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1284-1286.
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Wages by industry and gender, 1914-1916Shows the daily wages of German workers in 9 different industries for both men and women. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Dec 1917
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Wartime wages - Berlin, 1914-1918Shows the average hourly and weekly earnings of men and women manufacturing war materials throughout WW1. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, July 1920
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Wages by occupation - Germany, 1914-1922Shows the earnings over different times for both government employees and manual workers in Hamburg. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Feb 1923
Wages in GREAT BRITAIN, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Wages by occupation in the U.K., 1893-1913Wages reported in UK government documents.
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Wages by occupation and sex in Great Britain, 1914-1921Shows wages for cities in England, Scotland and Wales in British currency. Source: Wages, prices and profits, pp. 48-66.
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Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921Source: Monthly Labor Review Aug 1922, pp. 93-96.
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Wages in Great Britain, 1914Shows wages in British currency with American equivalents. Source: Monthly Labor Review, Jan 1927, pp. 154-155.
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Municipal employee wages by occupation - U.K., 1912Shows hours and wages for 12 occupations including brick layers, painters, street sweepers etc. on page 1120. Wages of tramway employees (motormen, conductors, inspectors, etc.) begin on page 1111.
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Birmingham - Wages of post office employees and teachers, 1900 and 1910Post office wages by rank and salaries of teachers for the years 1900 and 1910. Source: Congressional report vol. 3, pp. 1197-1199.
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Liverpool - Salaries of post-office employees and teachersShows salaries of post office employees in Liverpool and Birkenhead in 1910 as well as teacher salaries by rank, class, and sex for 1900, 1905, and 1910. Source: Congressional report, vol. 3, pp. 1210-1211.
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Manchester - Teacher salaries, 1900 and 1910Shows salaries paid to teachers, assistant teachers and pupil teachers. Source: Congressional report, vol. 3, pp. 1273-1274.
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Manchester - Salaries of government officials, 1900 and 1910Tables show salaries paid to post-office and other government officials. Supplemental tables show salaries of officials employed at the Manchester custom-house and the mercantile marine office at Salford. Source: Congressional report, vol. 3, pp. 1274-1275, 1381-1382.
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Glasgow, Scotland - Salaries of government employees, 1900 and 1910Source: Congressional report, vol. 3, p. 1277.
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Glasgow, Scotland - Salaries of head masters, 1900 and 1910Salaries of head masters and head mistresses in Glasgow public schools. Source: Congressional report, vol. 3, p. 1277.
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Impoverished women's wagesDiscusses the minimum weekly wages for women and girls working in various occupations. In general, it states women over the age of 18 should expect to be paid at least 10s to 12s a week. Source: The Effect of Outdoor Relief on Wages and the Conditions of Employment, p. 12.
Wages in INDIA, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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India - Wages by geographic area and occupation, 1910sShows wages in rupees by location for agricultural laborers, masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc. Scroll forward in the source to find average daily wages in urban areas. Compares to wage data from 1873. Source: India Dept of Statistics.
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India wages, 1914-1916Shows wages by occupation and industry, translated into U.S. dollars. Source: Monthly Labor Review, Nov 1917.
Wages in IRELAND, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Dublin - Salaries of government officials, 1900 and 1910Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1371.
Wages in ITALY, 1910s
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Wages by city and industry - Italy, 1914-1919Shows the average daily wages in printing, textiles, and machinery throughout various Italian cities. Wages are shown in Italian lire. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1920
Wages in JAPAN, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Salaries of Japanese government officers, 1900 and 1910Shows salaries per year (in yen) of Japanese government officers, local government officers at Yokohama, and diplomatic and consular officers. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1372-1381.
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Wages by occupation - Japan, 1918Shows the highest, most common, and lowest wages for various occupations throughout Japan. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Aug 1920
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Wages by industry - Japan, 1911-1920Shows the average daily wages for various occupations in 6 different industries in Japan. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Source: BLS
, Aug 1922
Wages in MEXICO, 1910s
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District of Mazatlan - Governmental salaries, 1910The municipal budget of for the District of Mazatlan for 1910 details (in Mexican currency) how much was paid to government employees including secretaries, clerks, porters, treasurers, administrators, collectors, school directors and assistants, laborers, gardeners, physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, nurses, watchmen, cooks, pancake bakers, police officers, inspectors, gendarmes, machinists, mayors, wardens, and more. Table continues from page 1333 to page 1353.
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Mexico, Mexico - Salaries of government employees in 1910This report lists the salaries per annum of government employees in Mexico City for 1910.
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Guadalajara - Salaries of post-office employees and teachers, 1910This report gives the 1910 salaries of post-office employees and school teachers in Guadalajara.
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Veracruz - Salaries of city employees, 1910Includes the police force, prison officials, firemen, market inspectors, city engineer, horticulturalist, public education, and city council.
Wages in NEW ZEALAND, 1910s
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Wages in New Zealand, 1914Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. Wages are shown in both US and English currency. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1933
Wages in NORWAY, 1910s
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Norway - Average wages for railroad construction, 1913 & 1917Shows wages for both contracted workers as well as day laborers. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Mar 1919
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Norway - Entrance salaries of business school graduates, 1913-1917Gives the entrance wages for graduates from the business schools in Christiania and Trondhjems, as well as changes for graduates from the ones in Bergen and Stavanger. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Mar 1919
Wages in THE PHILIPPINES, 1910s
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Manilla - Average wages, 1919Both daily and monthly pay for workers in Manilla, Philippines by industry. Expressed in pesos. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920
Wages in POLAND, 1910s
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Warsaw - Salaries of government employees for 1900 and 1910Lists salaries paid in connection with the offices of the governor-general, the chief of police and letter carriers. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices Vol. 3, pp. 1279-1280.
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Warsaw - Salaries of teachers in the public schools, 1900 and 1910In Investigation relative to wages and prices Vol. 3, p.1281.
Wages in RUSSIA, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Russia - Wages and cost of living, 1914-1917This article describes the rising cost of food and manufactured products in comparison with wages for the pre-revolutionary period. It includes tables of daily wages and costs of principal foodstuffs. Each are listed in both rubles and US currency.
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St. Petersburg - Salaries of letter carriers and teachers, 1900 and 1910Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1306.
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Odessa - Wages of laborers, schoolteachers, and merchants, 1910This 1910 report on the cost of living at Odessa, Russia discusses the wages of laborers, the salaries of schoolteachers, and the salaries of those in "ordinary mercantile pursuits."
Wages in SPAIN, 1910s
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Wages by occupation - Spain, 1919Shows the maximum and minimum wages for 20 different occupations in Vigo, Spain. Wages are shown in contemporary US dollars. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Feb 1921
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Agricultural wages - Spain, 1914-1924Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Aug 1925
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Wages in Madrid, 1914-1925Shows the daily wages and hours of workers in 4 different industries in Madrid. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, July 1926
Wages in SWEDEN, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Sweden - Wages, early 1910sSee section titled "Labor Conditions and Workmen's Wages" starting on page 632. This is taken from the book Sweden; historical and statistical handbook published in Stockholm by the Swedish government in 1914.
Wages in SWITZERLAND 1910s
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Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Swiss farming as well as the daily wages of day laborers. Wages are shown in both Francs and contemporary US dollars. Convert to present-day dollars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, August 1931
Wages in MULTIPLE COUNTRIES, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Carpenter wages in English-speaking foreign countries, 1910Foreign countries include England and Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada. Source: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 87, Volume XX. Published March 1910.
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European countries - Wages, 1914-1921Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Wages expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information.
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European countries - Wages and prices, 1900 and 1910Consular reports show wages and salaries by job title for countries including Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Japan, Belgium, Spain and more.
Prices and wages analysis, 1910s
Critical analysis of government methods for collecting and reporting wage data in the 1910s.
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Income in the U.S. - Amount and distributionOne of the best and earliest sources for income information beyond just wage or salary income. Compiled by the staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research and published in 1921.
For wages, fishermen might be given a share of the catch -
Buying power of wages, 1899-1921The 1922 book Are wages too high? analyzes the buying power of wages, 1899-1921. This was published by the People's Legislative Service. It is not a government publication.
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Wages and salaries in organized industryThis article argues that wage statistics reported by the government were miscalculated and that people actually earned less. The author was a professor from the University of Pennsylvania. Source: Popular Science magazine, May 1915 issue.
Significant legislation about wages, 1910s-1920s
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Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children.
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Minimum wage legislation in the U.S and foreign countriesSource: Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 167
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Compensation legislation, 1914-1915Source: Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 185.
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Wage payment legislation in the U.S.Source: Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 229.
Food prices in the United States, 1910-1919
PRICES for FOOD, 1910s
- Grocery catalog from Macy's, 1911
Customers would be obligated to pay freight charges. - Grocery and wine catalog from Bloomingdale's, 1915
Shows retail prices for specific brand name products. - Grocery catalog from Sears Roebuck, 1918
- Food prices by item in 1917
Shows prices of food items and discusses ways to maximize the family budget. Source: How to cut food costs by L.F. Cooper.
- Food prices by city, 1913-1919Note that each table spans the width of TWO pages. See row labels on even-numbered pages.
Government agent checking food prices
in 1914
- Average food prices in cities, 1913-1919
Average retail prices across 50 cities (no geographic breakouts) on pages 62-69. - Aveage food prices in metro areas, 1890-1970
One-page table shows prices averaged across 56 metro areas. No geographic breakouts. See explanation on p. 193. - Average prices paid for butter, eggs, milk and poultry - 1910
Prices paid by customers and retail dealers for foods in 70 cities. Source: Serial Set 5923, pp. 1542-1552. - Average retail food prices in working class neighborhoods - 1916
Shows prices for 20 food items. An alternate version shows table pages side by side. Source: City of Chicago report. - Grocery prices by store in selected cities, 1915-1916
Prices specific name brand groceries at individual establishments. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 228. - New York City food prices, 1912
Report also examines difficulties in transporting food and the various ways of selling it to residents of a highly urbanized area. Source: New York state government report. - New York and Chicago - Average food prices, 1913-1920
Shows limited data for San Francisco and New Orleans as well. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Dec 1920 - Lawrence, MA - Retail food prices, 1911-1912
Table shows retail prices of meats and groceries at eight firms in Lawrence, MA for November 1911 and March 1912. Note: each table spans two pages. Source: Report on strike of textile workers in Lawrence, Mass., pp. 166-177. - Food prices in 24 cities, 1916
Shows the retail prices of common foodstuffs in 24 large, American cities. Source: Chicago City Council
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Food prices paid by farmers, 1910-1943
A box of corn flakes cost 14 cents in 1919.
Prices paid in rural areas for a pound of butter, coffee, rice, bacon or lard. Also prices for 24-pound sack of flour and 10-pound sack of sugar. Covers the years 1910-1914 (5 year average), 1919,1929, 1939 and 1943. - Flour prices in KS, MO, IA and IL - 1906, 1910, 1911
Source analyzes the cost of production and consumer prices for hard winter wheat flour - Food and drink prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960
Details the prices of a variety of foodstuffs on pp. 7-22. Source: USDA
- Restaurant food and drink prices, 1910s
See over 3,000 scanned restaurant menus from the 1910-1919 decade, digitized by the New York Public Library.
- Economical menus for single women, 1917
Shows a suggested meal plan for 10 days, having an average cost of 23 ¼ cents per person per day. Source: How to cut food costs by Lenna Frances Cooper.
Housing and land prices, 1910-1919
- Average rent by city, 1918-1919Data is broken out by income of the renters. Data provided for both large cities and small towns (see list), with further breakouts for the number of rooms and number of occupants in the dwelling. Covers 1918-1919 only. Note: This is a long table; it will be necessary to scroll forward. Source: Cost of Living in the United States, BLS Bulletin #357.
- Room and board rates for federal workers in Washington DC, 1917-18Discusses the 1918 federal housing plan that provided housing for war industry workers, including women workers in the District of Columbia, who paid $45 per month for a room and two meals per day. Photos and further description of the buildings' interiors and exteriors were published in the Oct 1919 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
Tip: check the introduction sections of the publications below to determine whether the estimated home costs include labor or just materials.
- "Building Plans of Modern Homes," with costs for materials and labor, 1914Montgomery Ward building plan catalog includes estimated, itemized costs of materials and labor for about 80 homes generally in the 1-4 bedroom range, garages, summer cottages, carriage houses featuring horse stalls, and barns.
This 1914 home catalog included estimated costs to build - Home catalog - Montgomery Ward, 1916The cost of materials for each home is printed in large type at the top of each page. Check under "General Specifications" for an estimated cost to build the home, which will include the cost of labor, brick, plaster, cement and other items not provided by Montgomery Ward. Note that plumbing and heating costs are listed separately as additional options.
- Sears home plans with estimated costs to build, 1908-1939The Sears Archive site has digitized some pages from their home plan catalogs. Selected entries in their list are clickable. Shows drawing of the home, floor plan, and estimated cost to build.
- Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1915The Building Estimator's Reference Book gives detailed costs for the labor and materials for the construction of houses and office buildings.
- Home modernization and upgrades, 1910-1911The 1910 Sears catalog listed many items for outfitting and upgrading one's home, including telephones, gas lights and electric fixtures, furnaces, heaters, doors, roofing materials, indoor bathroom fixtures, kitchen stoves, gas ranges, refrigerators and washing machines. The 1911 Macy's catalog showed refrigerators as well.
- Paint cost to cover a home's exterior, 1915Sears Roebuck paint catalog gives an estimated cost to paint the exterior of various houses. There are more images at the end of their catalog. Elsewhere in the catalog, find Sears' prices for paint, painting supplies, wallpapering supplies, etc.
- Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960Details the price of various building materials on pp. 59-71. Source: USDA
- Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1910Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. See data considerations for explanation. Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture report. See values visualized on shaded maps in the 1914 Census statistical atlas.
- Farmland values by county in selected states, 1912-1924Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho, Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina and Texas. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report.
- Farm land and buildings - Value per acre by U.S. region, 1850Average dollar value per acre for farm land (along with any buildings on the land), broken out by U.S. region. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture.
- Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019Includes both land and buildings. Compares to national averages. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service.
- Coal for household use - Price by city, 1913-1919Shows retail prices by city for January and July of each year from 1913-1919. See Table E, pages 442-447. The source does not tell how much coal households typically used.
- Retail prices of fuel and kerosene in Lawrence, MA - 1911-1912Tables show retail prices of delivered fuel for November 1911 and March 1912 from two firms in Lawrence,MA. Price per gallon of kerosene is reported from 6 firms.
- Fuel prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960Details the price of coal and wood on page 23. Source: USDA
Transportation and travel prices, 1910-1919
- Horse-drawn vehicles, harness and saddle prices, 1911
Illustrated 120-page price catalog shows buggies and carriages, wagons, harness and saddles, with shipping rates. Source: Delin Carriage Company catalog, 1911. - Horse-drawn buggy and carriage prices, 1912
Illustrated 170-page price catalog for horse-drawn vehicles, harness, and shipping rates. Source: Ohio Carriage Manufacturing Co. catalog, 1912. - Horse and carriage supplies price catalog, 1910
Source: Illustrated and descriptive catalog of saddlery, carriage and sleigh trimmings, general store supplies / the James Bailey Company. - Business wagon prices (horse-drawn), 1910
Delivery wagons were available through the Sears catalog company in 1910. Other horse-drawn vehicles were also available through Sears.
- Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933
Average railroad passenger fare (ticket price) expressed in cents per mile. - Railway passenger fare, 1894-1918
Railway ticket prices averaged around 2 cents per mile during this time, with higher rates in the more sparsely populated regions. Source: Passenger traffic report, pp. 38-39. - RR ticket prices by class from New York - 1910
Compares 1st class and immigrant class ticket prices for travel from New York to other US cities in 1910, see page 120. The chart on p. 124 shows colonist fares which were lower. Source: Railroad traffic and rates by Emory Johnson, vol. 2. - RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944
Source: Association of American Railroads' Passenger traffic study, p. 395. - Passenger train fare to San Francisco in 1915
Brochure shows round trip train fares to San Francisco from dozens of cities in AL,CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, IN, KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VT, VA, WV, and Canada. Source: Chicago & Northwestern RR Company. - Passenger train fare from the Midwest to western cities, 1910
Union Pacific brochure lists train fares from cities in IL, MO, KS, IA, NE, WI, MN and CO to CO, Utah, California, Oregon, Montana and Washington state. Link opens a pdf; fares are on pages 2 and 11 of the pdf, and sleeper car rates on page 35 of the pdf. The system route map falls on page 19 of the pdf. - Street railway fares in Cleveland, 1914-1915
Streetcar fare in the city of Cleveland averaged 3 or 4 cents in the mid-1910s, according to research conducted at MIT.
- Steamship fares to and from New York, 1909
Shows lowest rates advertised between New York City, England and Europe. Breakouts for 1st, 2nd and 3rd class travel. More detail on amenities of 2nd class and steerage travel are also available in this source, The Scientific American Handbook of Travel, published 1910. - Steamship fares to Latin America, South America and Caribbean
Taken from section titled "Steamship fares and itineraries" in the 1920 U.S. Dept of Commerce publication "Commercial Travelers' Guide to Latin America." Fares show city of departure in the U.S. and port of arrival. Departure cities include New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Key West.
- Automobile prices - 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 and 1919.
Shows prices, specs and pictures of gasoline and electric cars - including Buick, Cadillac, Studebaker, Packard, Oldsmobile and more. Includes photo guide to the body types: roadster, coupe, cabriolet, limousine, touring car (phaeton), sedan and bus. Source: Official handbook of automobiles. - Automobile and motor truck list prices, 1905-1916
Reference book for automobile insurers shows the list price for each make/model/year of car and truck sold between 1905-1916, including American made cars and imports such as Mercedes, Benz and Fiat. The explanation section is helpful. See separate sections for gasoline powered cars, electric pleasure vehicles, and commercial vehicles and trucks. This book lacks images of vehicles. - Car prices in "Pictorial History of the Automobile"
Narrative is arranged by make and model of car. Provides good representation for the cost of a new car from 1900 through the 1920s. Source: A Pictorial History of the Automobile as seen in Motor Magazine, commercially published 1953. This is not a government document. - Electric car prices, 1913
Source: The Automobile: A Journal of Automotive Progress and Construction, Jan 2 1913 issue, page 12. - Sears automobiles, 1910
One could order Sears Motor Cars Model H, J or L through the catalog company for $395 - $495, with optional add-ons. - Drivers license and car registration fees by state, 1911
This handy table was compiled by one of the car manufacturing companies, Locomobile.
- Gasoline prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960
Also shows price paid for kerosene. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. - Gasoline prices by region - 1915
Source: Federal Trade Commission report. - Gasoline tank wagon price in Chicago, 1915-1922
- Wholesale prices of gasoline and crude petroleum, 1913-1918
Table shows wholesale prices of one gallon of gasoline from tank wagons in New York, Baltimore, Chicago, Kansas City, and San Francisco by month and quarters for the years 1913 to 1918. Subsequent tables show wholesale prices of other petroleum products such as kerosene, lubricating oil, fuel oil, paraffin, and petrolatum. Source: War Industries Board Price Bulletin No. 36, 1919. - Gasoline - Mileage per gallon
The distance one could travel on a gallon of gasoline depended on the weight of the automobile, road conditions, the design of the vehicle itself and other factors. To find mentions of MPG in historic literature, search for the phrase "miles to the gallon" in HathiTrust's full text search, limiting to the date range desired. Or you may contact us for assistance.
- Airfare - London to Paris, Spring 1919
Fare was about $42 one-way on the Handley-Page and Airco lines, on former WWI planes redesigned for passenger service. Source: Aviation magazine, Jan 2, 1922.
HOTEL RATES
- 1912
- "Class A" hotels in the U.S. - Rates, 1912
Hotels are listed alphabetically by city. Includes brief description and most entries show rates. Source: Class A Hotels, pp. 5-13. NYC hotels are on pp. 3-4. - Hotel extras - Yellowstone National Park, 1912
Prices for baths, shaves, haircuts at the hotel, as well as facials, massage, room service, day trips and more on pages 3-11. - Hotel rates in San Diego, 1912
- "Class A" hotels in the U.S. - Rates, 1912
- 1913
- Hotel rates by U.S. state and foreign country, 1913
Shows the hotel rates and also the railroads that served each city or town. Source: Chadwick's International Hotel Directory (1913)
- Hotel rates by U.S. state and foreign country, 1913
- 1915
- Hotel rates - U.S. and Canada - 1915
The John Willy Hotel Directory lists hotel rates by city. - Hotel rates in San Diego, 1915
- Hotel rates - U.S. and Canada - 1915
- 1917
- Hotel rates - U.S. towns - 1917
The Hotel Red Book lists hotel rates for large and even very small towns throughout the United States. Tip: Use the index by state and territory to quickly find a page number. Photographs of many New York and New England hotels are listed on pp. 38-114 of a 1918-1919 New York hotel association member directory.
- Hotel rates - U.S. towns - 1917
- 1918
LUGGAGE
- Luggage prices, 1910-1911
Prices as shown in the 1910 Sears Catalog for suit cases, traveling bags and steamer trunks. The 1911 Macy's catalog also showed steamer trunks and suitcases.
Merchandise prices, 1910-1919
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Sears, Roebuck & Co. Catalog, 1910Click "more..." for direct links to specific products in the catalog:
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Macy's mail order catalog, 1911Click "more..." for direct links to specific products in the catalog, or see index on page 456.
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Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalog, 1912Find a page number through the index and enter it in the page box.
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Bloomingdale's mail order catalog, 1915Shows mail order prices for a clothing, jewelry, home decor, linens and furnishings, musical instruments and more.
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Household and farm items - Factory price catalog, 1915Kitchen ranges, stoves, furnaces, furniture, farm tools and wagons, harness and more. See index. J. M. Shaft mail order company.
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General merchandise - Montgomery Ward catalog, 1916General merchandise catalog for clothing, household items and farm needs.
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Ladies' garments, blouses, etc. - 1917Catalog lists prices for ladies' underwear and nightgowns but also has some girls' and babies' clothes. Source: Newcomb, Endicott and Co. Magazine of Fashion, Undermuslin, 1917.
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Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalog, 1918Click "more..." for direct links to items in this catalog.
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Average prices in rural areas, 1910sLists average retail prices paid by farmers for tools, implements and supplies, work gloves, shirts and shoes, shotguns, tobacco, wagons, building materials and household items such as dishes, washtubs and buckets. Source: 1923 USDA Yearbook, Table 679, p. 1150.
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Farm implement prices, 1914-1918Federal report shows average annual prices for plowshares, walking plows, hay loaders, cultivators, farm wagons, barbed wire, corn binders, mowers and more.
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Gun prices, 1911Extensive section on guns found in the Thomas J. Conroy Illustrated Catalog and Price List.
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Sporting gear and clothing prices - 1916Abercrombie & Fitch mail order catalog for Christmas, 1916.
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Average expenditure for individual articles of clothing, 1918-1919See prices in "average expenditure per article" column. Table C is arranged by type of family member. Following "Husbands" comes Male Children 15 and older, then Male Children aged 12-15, then Male Children ages 8-12, etc. The section for clothing worn by wives starts on page 183, with female children clothing following, broken out by age groups. Time period for this study: July 1918-Feb 1919. Source: Cost of Living in the United States, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Ladies' undergarments, blouses, etc. - Prices, 1917Catalog mostly shows ladies' garments but also has some girls' and babies' clothing. Source: Newcomb, Endicott and Co. Magazine of Fashion, Undermuslin, 1917.
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Average retail price of fabric in 45 cities - 1917Includes calico, gingham, muslin, percale, flannel, etc. Scroll forward in the source to see the full list of cities.
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Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960Details the price of clothing by gender on pp. 25-38. Source: USDA
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College textbook prices, 1916Book shows textbook titles recommended for high schools and colleges and lists the full retail price for individual sale. Discounts were available for those who wished to purchase large quantities of a single tile.
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Lawrence, MA - Retail prices of clothing, dry goods, shoes, house furnishings, 1912Retail prices for clothing, dry goods and shoes are reported from 6 firms; prices for household furniture are from 2 firms.
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Prices of sheets and blankets by U.S. city - 1917-1919See price of sheets and blankets in Table G, spanning pages 449-461.
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Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. 45-57. Source: USDA
Health costs, 1910-1919
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Medical costs for influenza patients - 1918Cost of getting sick with Spanish Flu, quoted from a 1921 book: "Take the recent 'flu' epidemic with the short illnesses, sudden deaths, and short time at hospital..."
- Ten days' illness, ten calls of physician, five days at hospital, approximate expense from $50 to $100;
- If pneumonia follows, two weeks' sickness, twenty calls of physician, ten days at hospital, approximately from $100 to $200.
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Average family expenditure on health in 1918Shows how much families spent in 1918 on medicines, doctors, nurses, dentists, hospitalization, eyeglasses and health insurance in the U.S. Also provides breakouts by region: north Atlantic states, south Atlantic states, north central states, south central states and western states.
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Cost of hospitalization, 1913 and 1926Tells average length of stay and average cost per day based on whether the patient was in a ward or a private room. Source: U.S. Dept of Labor.
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Hospital rates at Stanford University, 1912-1919The Annual Reports of Lane Hospital at Stanford University Hospitals show rates for wards, rooms, and bath rooms, maternity rates, operating room charges, anesthesia, tonsil and adenoid operations, salvarsan treatments, extra charges, extra diet items, nursing, and some include wines and mineral waters and toilet articles: 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1919 (also shows charges for X-Ray Department, lab work and physical therapy).
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Cost of health care, hospitalization, nursing home care, etc. - 1919In a chapter titled "The Cost of Dying" in the 1921 book Funeral Management and Costs, hospital room rates are listed. It mentions the fees charged by health care workers such as midwives and physicians. The rates for sanatoriums (medical facilities for patients with long-term illnesses) are also discussed.
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Cost to have a baby in rural Kansas, 1917Most parents paid between $15 and $40 for obstetrical care. Source: U.S. Children's Bureau Publication #26, p. 30.
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Physicians fees in Illinois, 1912This fee bill of the physicians of Putnam County, IL was published in the September 1912 issue of The Illinois medical journal; it lists prices of office, general, and obstetrical medical services.
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Physicians fees in Indiana, 1911-1918Shows the fee bill setting charges for medical services that was adopted by the Sullivan County Medical Society in 1911; also tells how it changes during and after WWI. Source: A medical history of Sullivan county, Indiana (1936).
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Physicians fees in Ohio, 1916-17Issues of The Ohio State medical journal report on the medical fees in different Ohio towns or counties:
- Office fees in Nelsonville and the fee bill of the Logan County Medical Society (July 1916 issue)
- Physicians fees in Preble County (Sept 1917 issue)
- The Industrial Committee's schedule of rates, a guide for determining amount of compensation allowed physicians in workmen's compensation cases (Dec 1917 issue)
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Medical fees, 1912The chapter "Medical Finance" on pages 111-137 in this guide to a successful medical practice detail medical fees for various services, including a schedule of rates allowed by insurance companies. Source: Building a profitable practice; being a text-book on medical economics (1912).
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Health aids - Prices, 1910The 1910 Sears catalog offered wheelchairs, eyeglasses and spectacles, and equipment to help the hearing impaired. The 1911 Macy's catalog also sold wheelchairs.
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Over-the-counter drug and remedy prices, 1910Prices from the 1910 Sears Catalog. For similar items, see the Macy's catalog for 1911.
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Health remedy prices, 1913Article in Druggist's Circular lists retail prices for dozens of health/beauty products being sold in 1913 which were at best useless and at worst, harmful.
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Cost of doctor supplies - 1910sCatalog and price list show an amazing range, from surgical tools all the way up to x-ray machines. Although this source does not show prices patients paid for health care, it does indicate overhead for health providers.
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Cost of dying - Tombstone prices, 1910Prices listed in the 1910 Sears Catalog.
More prices in the United States, 1910-1919
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Horses and mules - Average prices, 1910-1933Discusses the value of horses and mules, and shows average prices based on the horse's age, pp. 29-31. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
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Horses, mules and farm animals - Average prices, 1867-1920Shows average values expressed as price per head. Source: USDA Yearbook, 1919 edition.
- Horses and mules (p. 653)
- Milk cows and other cattle (p. 658)
- Sheep (p. 668)
- Swine (p. 675)
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Cost of keeping farm horses and cost of horse labor, 1917USDA Bulletin no. 560 shows the costs of keeping horses on a farm in 1917. Tables the cost of feed and of labor for horse care in New York, Illinois, and Ohio.
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Telephone service rates by city, 1912The U. S. Census Bureau collected and reported telephone service rates. This link leads to an index by city and states. Note the page number and enter it in the "jump to" box in HathiTrust. Or simply scroll forward in the source. It may be necessary to use the zoom (+) feature to make the figures clearer.
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Telephone service rates, 1914-1919Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. For example, the 1914 volume gives business and residential rates in Indianapolis, the cost of messages in Washington, and more. Tip: use the search tool to look for words like cents or rate.
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Cost to mail a letter or postcard, 1863-presentSource: the Historian of the U.S. Postal Service.
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Cost to send an international message by cable - 1916Cost to send a message from New York City to any of about 75 foreign countries, as reported in the American Whitaker Almanac and Encyclopedia.
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Price of a newspaper subscription, 1869-1920Look up by year, then state, then city, then title to find the cost of a newspaper subscription. Source: Rowell's & Ayer's American newspaper directories.
COST OF COLLEGE or VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, 1910s
In the 1910s decade, 4% to 6% of people aged 18-21 enrolled in college. Source: U.S. Bureau of Education.
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College tuition, room & board, books and fees by institution, 1912Alphabetical list of colleges includes tuition, room & board, etc. This book also includes some chapters discussing typical jobs that college students might get and how much those jobs paid. See table of contents. This is not a government publication.
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University tuition and fees, 1912-1913Includes state universities and those which received some state funding, such as Cornell. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Purdue. Tuition and fees for each university are listed on pages 22-26.
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Tuition and living expenses at college - 1915Discusses college living expenses for foreign students attending college in the U.S. in 1915. Some of the expenses would be the same for foreign and in-state residents, such as room, board and transportation. Beginning on page 127, the source tells the tuition for various courses of study at each university, and usually will indicate the different costs between rates for in-state residents or out of state. Note that the tuition was higher to attend medical school, law school, and other professional majors. Source: "Opportunities for Foreign Students at Colleges and Universities in the United States," Bulletin #27 of the U.S. Bureau of Education,1915.
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Nursing school tuition, 1916-1918Less than 3% of all nurse training schools charged tuition. Instead, the students took courses and worked in hospitals, most being paid a low (student) wage for performing the work. Tuition and student remuneration are listed by state, city and individual teaching hospital beginning on page 53.
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Tuition for law, medical and dental schools, 1916-1918Figure 17 in the U.S. Biennial Survey of Education shows the number of professional schools charging tuition in certain ranges, for example, most medical schools charged between $100-109 for tuition in the late 1910s.
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Non-tuition expenses to attend college in California, ca. 1917The state of California covered tuition to take teacher training, but other expenses ran around $500 per year according to this report from the CA Superintendent of Public Instruction report for 1917-1918.
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Cost to attend private commercial or business schools, 1917-1918Tuition fees to learn secretary skills, bookkeeping, accountancy, stenography, wire telegraphy and salesmanship. For detailed tuition rates by institution, see the Biennial Survey of Education, 1916-1918 edition.
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University and junior college costs for residents and non-residents - 1918Lists tuition prices for both residents and non residents as well as room and board costs and fees for institutions across the United States. The list runs from pp. 157-258. Source: Facilities for Foreign Students in American Colleges and Universities (published 1920)
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Nursing school tuition, 1918-1920Less than 3% of all nurse training schools charged tuition. Instead, the students took courses and worked in hospitals, most being paid a low (student) wage for performing the work. This report contains summaries by states, but no detailed statistics of individual schools. The table showing average wages paid to first year, second year and third year students by state begins on page 17.
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College textbook prices, 1916Book shows textbook titles recommended for high schools and colleges and lists the full retail price for individual sale. Discounts were available for those who wished to purchase large quantities of a single tile.
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Price of a haircut before, during and after WWIThis book on economics explains that haircuts were 25 cents for many years up until World War I. (Not a government source)
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Average family expenditure on barber services in 1918Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin #357, p. 455.
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Photographers' rates, mid 1910sSource: The New photo-miniature, Oct 1925, p. 232.
Cost of living and consumer expenditures, 1910s
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Cost of living on farms, 1913"What the farm contributes directly to the farmer's cost of living," Farmer's Bulletin #635, U.S. Dept of Agriculture
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Cost of living on farms - Further detail, 1913-1914This source expands upon the 1913 study with a follow-up using data collected in 1914. USDA Professional Paper #410, Nov 11, 1916.
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Cost of living on Minnesota farms, 1905-1914Source: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin #162.
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Cost to run a farm in North Dakota, 1910Shows the what it might cost to acquire a 320 acre wheat farm and run it for a year, listing the cost of each essential agricultural implement, seed, eight horses, a buggy and two wagons, as well as typical amounts expended on farm help (wages and board), equipment repairs and maintenance, taxes, etc.
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Consumer expenditures by city, 1918City families' average expenditures on food, rent, fuel and more for the year 1918 on p. 5. Shows data for each of 92 cities and towns on pp. 7-68. Source: US BLS Bulletin #357.
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Consumption expenditures per captia, 1901-1956Collection of studies reveals average annual expenditures for food, rent, clothing, and medical care. Source: How American buying habits change, pp. 226-227.
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Changes in cost of living in large cities of the United States, 1913-1941This document compares the affordability of food and consumer goods from one year to the next and provides price indexes but not actual prices. Source: BLS Bulletin #699.
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Family budgets in the American cities, 1903-1956Collects 22 government, union, and corporate surveys from between 1903 and 1956 that shows the standard family budget in a variety of American cities. The survey included family size, total costs, percent distribution of the costs of goods and services, and total budget. Source: How American buying habits change, U.S. Dept of Labor.
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Cost of living in southern states by race, 1915-1917Compares white and colored families' expenditures for food, housing, fuel, clothing, furniture, etc. in shipbuilding districts of GA, FL, MS, AL and TX. Source: Monthly Labor Review, June 1918, pp. 99-103.
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Workingmen's standard of living in Philadelphia - 1918Reports the income, expenditures, and standard of living for 395 families. Study conducted by the city of Philadelphia.
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Family budgets in mill towns by race, 1910Shows the budgets of 90 families of American (including immigrant) mill workers in contemporary US dollars.
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Family budgets for mining and manufactures, 1893Pages 13-24 show the wages of the family of workers in coal, iron, and steel industries in the US, the UK, Germany, and Belgium.
Tools, calculators, and exchange rates
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Calculator: Present-day purchasing power of a historic dollar amountThe MeasuringWorth.com website provides online calculators, guides and tutorials to help researchers understand the current-day value of historic money in the United States, Australia, Spain and the United Kingdom.
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Currency converter, 1270–2017This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others.
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Consumer Price Index Inflation CalculatorThis calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. For example, $1 earned in 2022 had the same buying power as three cents in 1913. Conversely, $1 earned in 1913 had the same buying power as about $30 in the year 2022.
Analysis - Prices in the 1910s
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Wholesale prices - Price Bulletin series showing the History of Prices During the WarIssued by the War Industries Board in 1919, these bulletins include wholesale prices (by month, quarter, and year) of foods, clothing, rubber, paper, fibers, metals, fuels, building materials, and chemicals for 1913 to 1918. A list of each title by bulletin number can be seen here.
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Percent increase in food prices in foreign countries, 1914-1921Shows prices indexes, not actual retail prices. Here you can find the percent of increase in average food prices from 1914-1921. Includes data for the countries of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Noway, South Africa, Sweden, and Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Source: International Labour Review, Feb 1921.
Foreign prices by country, 1910-1919
Prices in ARGENTINA, 1910s
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Argentina - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Buenos Aries - Prices and rent in 1910This report lists the March 1910 retail prices of mutton, beef, veal, butter, eggs, pork and ham in Buenos Aries and tells what a laborer paid for a room in 1910. Additional tables compare 1900 and 1910 retail and wholesale prices, including food items, building materials, and coal.
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Buenos Aries - Average prices, 1919Contains average retail price for common foodstuffs and commodity foodstuffs in middle-class shops. Expressed in US dollars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, June 1920
Prices in AUSTRALIA, 1910s
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Australia - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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House rent by town in Australia, 1912Source: Australia Labour & Industrial Branch report #2, p. 76.
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Retail prices by town in Australia, 1912Shows prices of food. Source: Australia Labour & Industrial Branch report #2, pp. 72-75.
Prices in AUSTRIA, 1910s
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Austria - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Austria in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Austria - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1914 and 1916Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Source: Monthly Labor Review, May 1921, pp. 81-83.
Wages in BELGIUM, 1910s
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Belgium - Cost of living, 1910Shows the cost of living of the working classes in the principal industrial towns of Belgium. Source: Bulletin of the US Bureau of Labor, No. 87
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Belgium - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Belgium in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
Prices in BULGARIA, 1910s
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Bulgaria - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Bulgaria in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
Prices in CANADA, 1910s
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Typical weekly expenditures of a Canadian family, 1910-1920Full years include: 1900, 1905, 1910-1914, 1915-1920. Source: Canada Year Book. Data for 1913-1918 is also available in Prices and Price Indexes, Vol. 1, pp. 106-109. Expressed in Canadian dollars. Typical costs include staple foods (meats, dairy, eggs, apples, tea, coffee, etc.), starch, coal, wood, oil, and rent.
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Ontario (Windsor) - Food prices for 1910Table compares prices of food products in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario as taken from newspaper advertisements from February 25, 1910. Source: Serial Set Volume 5645.
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Nova Scotia (Yarmouth) – Prices, ca. 1911Lists prices of food, rent, board, fuel, and cottons. Source: congressional report, p. 1409.
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Canada - Retail prices of staple commoditiesThis series of tables shows retail prices of staple commodities and rents per month by locality (each table spans multiple pages, scroll forward to see the rest). Commodities include beef, pork, eggs, butter, bread, flour, oats, rice, beans, apples, prunes, sugar, tea, coffee, potatoes, starch, coal, wood, and coal oil. Source: Labour Gazette Volume 10.
Prices in FRANCE, 1910s
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Prices of agricultural machinery in France, 1900 and 1910Table shows the price of imported and French made agricultural machinery for 1900 and 1910, including mowers, reapers, binders, hay rakes, and tedders. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1222.
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France - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in France in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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France - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Bordeaux - 1910 prices and rentsTwo-page table shows wholesale and retail prices at Bordeaux. Rents per annum also listed. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1387-1388.
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Bordeaux, France - Retail prices of necessaries of life, 1911Table compares the price of beer, borax, cheese, chocolate, coffee, crackers, flour, mustard, peas, starch, and vinegar at a retail store versus at a cooperative society.
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Havre - Prices for articles of daily consumption, 1900 and 1910This one-page table shows wholesale and retail prices of articles at Havre, France in 1900 and 1910. It includes "articles of daily household consumption" such as food and fuel as well as for animals, metals, fabric, building materials, and clothing.
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Lyons - Prices of principal commodities, 1900 and 1910Table compares 1900 and 1910 retail prices at Lyons, including meats, flours, cereals, bread, alimentary pastes, fruits, vegetables, sugar, coffee, cocoa, pepper, salts, food oils, poultry, milk, boots and shoes, coal, mineral oils, seeds, and soaps.
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Marseille - Average retail prices, 1900 and 1910Table shows the average retail prices at Marseille in the months of January and February, 1910, and during the year 1900. Includes meat, bread, butter, sugar, milk, potatoes, grain, flour, lard, tallow, bacon, rents, cotton, wool, leather, boots and shoes, clothing, coal, iron, steel, oil, bricks, cement, and farming implements.
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Paris - Food prices and rents, 1910This list of retail prices of food materials from March 10, 1910 also includes shoes, suits, shirts, chemises, underwear, socks and blankets. A discussion on rents in Paris follows on the next page. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3 (1911), pages 1223-1224.
Prices in GERMANY, 1910s
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Germany - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Germany in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Germany - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Berlin - Prices of commodities, 1900 and 1910Wholesale and retail prices (in dollars) in Berlin for 1900 and 1910. A table of rents based on number of heatable rooms follows.
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Frankfort on the Main - Retail prices and rents, 1900 and 1910Includes a table of average retail prices and a discussion of prices or meats, fish and poultry. Average rent is also given.
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Hamburg - Various prices, 1900 and 1910Gives wholesale and retail prices (in marks) of petroleum, coal, bricks, Portland cement, shoes, clothing, meat, and agricultural implements at Hamburg in 1900 and 1910.
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Hamburg, Germany - Retail prices of food products, 1911Tables compare retail prices of food products in an ordinary retail establishment versus in cooperative stores (prices collected on November 24, 1911). Prices for fish can be found on page 47.
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Munich, Bavaria - Retail prices and rents, 1900 and 1910Tables show retail prices of meat, various other food items, and average yearly rentals by number of rooms at Munich for 1900 and 1910.
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Cost of living - Germany, 1914-1919Shows the average weekly cost of food of a German family of four throughout WW1. Prices are shown in German marks. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1920
Prices in GREAT BRITAIN, 1910s
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Retail prices, wages and cost of living in the UK, 1912Data covers industrial towns in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Source: Cost of living of the working classes. Report of an enquiry by the Board of Trade into working-class rents and retail prices together with the rates of wages in certain occupations in industrial towns of the United Kingdom in 1912.
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Prices and earnings in England, 1914Oxford pamphlet compares the cost of rent, household fuels and various sorts of foods both before WWI and in 1914 for three categories of English families: London poor, labourers in provincial towns and artisans in provincial towns. Written by a professor of statistics, this is not a government document.
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Great Britain - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Great Britain in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Great Britain - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Retail prices in Great Britain,1914 and 1919Shows average price of bread, meats, fish, eggs, milk, flour, cheese, potatoes, butter, tea, etc. Source: Ministry of Labour Gazette, published in London by the Labour Dept of the British Board of Trade. Similar reports are available in issues from other years.
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Price of Bread in Great Britain, 1914-1916Simple table shows the price of a 4 lb. loaf of bread in the various districts of England, Scotland and Wales for each year from 1914-1916.
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Public transportation in British towns - Fares, 1915Chart shows fare charged per mile in 85 different British cities, expressed in pence. Source: Tramway and Railway World, April 15, 1915 issue, p. 280. See further fares and discussion in the book Street Railway Fares, chapter 9.
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Mail order catalog with prices, 1913William Whitely Ltd. produced a 642-page mail order catalog in 1913, with a service area covering the full UK. This catalog is well illustrated and shows prices in English money. Includes merchandise of all kinds. Quickly find page number for any item using the index or click on any of the following quick links:
- Hats for women and hats for men
- Ladies' nightdresses and men's pyjamas
- Men's raincoats
- Corsets
- Trousseaux
- Jewelry
- School boys' clothing
- Boots and shoes
- Sportswear for fishing
- Mourning clothes and funeral supplies
- Nurse uniforms
- Perfume
- Haircuts and styling services for ladies; hairpieces and wigs; hair ornaments
- Yarn, crochet and embroidery supplies
- Heath support
- Health supplies, pp. 184-189
- Drugs, pp 194-197
- Patent medicines, pp. 197-208
- Medicinal tonics, pp. 217-220
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Birmingham - Prices in 1900-1901, 1903-1904, & 1910This report shows wholesale and retail prices of various commodities as well as rents and boots, shoes and clothing in Birmingham, England.
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Bradford, England - Wholesale and retail prices of various commodities, 1900 and 1910
- Beef, mutton, veal, pork, and fish
- Fruits, vegetables, grains
- Provisions including tea, coffee, cocoa, sugar, flour, biscuits, bread, lard, butter, eggs, milk and cream, bacon and hams, cheese, canned meats, canned and dried fruits, jams, rice, soap, and candles
- Rents
- Boots and shoes, men's clothing, hats and haberdashery, and women's clothing
- Drapery (e.g. sheets, pillowcases, tablecloths, blankets, quilts and calicos)
- Cement
- Oil, gas and coal
- Agricultural implements
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Edinburgh - Wholesale and retail prices in 1900 and 1910Report shows the following prices at Edinburgh:
- Prices of American agricultural implements
- Prices of shoes - Table shows wholesale and retail prices of British made men's shoes in 1900 and 1910.
- House rents - For villas and flats by number of rooms and distance from post-office.
- Commodities - Two-page table includes prices of cattle, sheep, pigs, coal, wool, grain, woolen cloth, clothing, provisions, and rents.
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Glasgow, Scotland - Prices of commodities in 1900 and 1910Table shows wholesale and retail prices of commodities at Glasgow in 1900 and 1910. Includes vegetables, live stock, grain, raw material, wearing apparel, underwear, coal, iron, groceries and provisions, steel, brick, timber, cement, and house rent.
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Hull - Price comparison of a retail grocer and a cooperative store, 1911Shows April 25th prices for ham, lard, baking powder, marmalade, lump sugar, flour, lemon peel, ground rice, apricots (tinned), wax candles, and Quaker oats.
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Liverpool - Prices in 1900 and 1910This report contains tables showing wholesale and retail prices in Liverpool in 1900 and 1910. It also discusses clothing and rents.
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London - Wholesale and retail prices, 1900 and 1910Tables in this report give retail prices (in dollars) for commodities in London for 1900, 1910, or both, including meat, grains, provisions, fruit and vegetables, Portland cement, boots and shoes (for infants, children, boys, girls, men, and ladies), clothing (first-grade and cheaper grade), overcoats, coal, oil, and farming implements of both American and English make. Rents are also discussed on pages 1166 to 1169.
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London - Retail prices of ready-made clothing in 1910in Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1370.
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Manchester - Rents, 1900 and 1910In Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1267.
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Manchester - Retail prices, 1900 and 1910This two-page table shows retail prices of articles (in dollars) at Manchester in 1900 and 1910. Includes food, coal, clothing, boots and shoes.
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Manchester - Prices for agricultural implements, 1900 and 1910Table shows prices for agricultural implements as sold in Manchester in 1900 and 1910.
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Sheffield, England - Prices of commodities, 1900 and 1910Lists wholesale and retail prices (in British pounds and American dollars) of commodities in Sheffield for 1900 and 1910.
Prices in GREECE, 1910s
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Greece - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Greece in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
Prices in HUNGARY, 1910s
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Budapest - Prices of commodities and Rents, 1900 and 1910Table compares 1900 and 1910 wholesale and retail prices at Budapest for commodities (beer, veal, hogs, mutton, milk, butter, flour, eggs, wheat, cattle, wool, cotton, leather, hides, clothing, lumber, coat, cement, shoes, bricks) and yearly rents by number of rooms. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices... Vol. 3, page 1397.
Prices in ITALY, 1910s
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Italy - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Italy in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Italy - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Milan - Food prices, 1801-1908Shows the price of wheat, bread, wine, beef pork, butter, and rice in Milan, Italy throughout the 19th and early 20th century. Source: Bulletin of the US Bureau of Labor, No. 87
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Cost of living - Milan, 1914-1919Shows the average weekly cost of living of a workman's family in Milan. The tables on following pages shows the breakdown of prices for items within this weekly expenditure. Prices are shown in Italian lire. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1920
Prices in INDIA, 1910s
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India - Retail prices for food grains and salt, 1892-1916Use Table of Contents to find start page. For example the salt prices begin on page 140. Source: Prices and Wages in India, published by the India government, Department of Statistics, 1918.
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India - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
Prices in IRELAND, 1910s
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Ireland - Prices, 1900 and 1910U.S. congressional document shows the price of foods such as potatoes, oatmeal, flour, mutton, butter, cheese, eggs, ham and beef, as well as "a suit of woolen clothing" and boots/shoes; coal, fuel oil, and farming implements such as plows, binders and two-horse mowers.
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Ireland - Retail prices, 1914 and 1922Shows prices in shillings and pence for various food items; articles of clothing for men, women, boys and girls; fuel for heating and cooking; soap, tobacco and cigarettes. Source: Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, pages 7-9. Elsewhere in the same volume, find average rents and typical family budgets.
Prices in JAPAN, 1910s
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Japan - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Prices in Yokohama and Tokyo, Japan - 1910Tables shows retail prices (in dollars) for 1910 along with wholesale prices for 1900 and 1910 in both Yokohama and Tokyo. Includes beef, pork, fish, rice, wheat, flour, soja beans, barley, eggs, soy sauce, cotton, wool, leather, boots, shoes, lumber, coal, iron, petroleum, brick, salt, sugar, tea, milk, and rent.
Prices in MEXICO, 1910s
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Mexico City - Prices of clothing, 1910In Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1312.
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Guadalajara - Price of beef, pork, and potatoes in 1910List shows 1910 prices per kilo of beef, pork, and potatoes in Guadalajara, Jalisco.
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Veracruz - Prices of commodities and rent, 1910This three-page report gives prices (in U.C. currency) of commodities, foodstuffs, and rents at Veracruz in 1910.
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Mazatlan, Sinaloa - Prices in 1910A brief report of prices (wholesale and retail) at Mazatlan in 1910 including beef, clothing, hogs, kerosene of coal oil, leather, boots and shoes.
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Cost of living - Mexico, 1910-1920Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Wages are shown in Mexican pesos. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Jan 1921
Prices in NETHERLANDS, 1910s
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Netherlands - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Netherlands in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
Prices in POLAND, 1910s
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Warsaw - Prices of articles in 1900 and 1910Table shows comparative prices (wholesale and retail) at Warsaw in 1900 and 1910. Retail prices shown include beef, meats, provisions, bread, leather shoes and clothing, and coal. Prices of faming implements are also given. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1278-1279.
Prices in ROMANIA, 1910s
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Prices in Romania, 1911-1919Shows the average price of foodstuffs and firewood in Bucharest throughout the 1910's. Prices are shown in Romanian lei. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, May 1920
Prices in RUSSIA, 1910s
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Russia - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Russia in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Russia - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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St. Petersburg - Prices of commodities, 1900 and 1910This two-page table shows wholesale and retail prices of commodities (mostly food) at St. Petersburg in 1900 and 1910. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1305-1306.
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Odessa - House rents and prices of provisions, 1910This 1910 report on the cost of living at Odessa, Russia gives house rents and the prices of provisions.
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Moscow - Retail prices, 1900 and 1910This four-page table compares wholesale and retail prices of articles at Moscow in 1900 and 1910, including beef, veal, pork, ham, mutton, fat, fish, eggs, butter, sugar, potatoes, poultry, bread, woolen goods, clothing, and coal. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, pages 1308-1311.
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Moscow - Prices of Foodstuffs, August 1914 & 1917Includes prices of bread, meat, cheese, and more at the start of the First World War as well as in the midst of the Russian Revolution. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1918
Prices in SCANDINAVIA, 1910s
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Scandinavia - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Scandinavia - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
Prices in SPAIN, 1910s
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Spain - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Spain in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Spain - Price of bread in 1860 compared to 1910Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities Vol. 3, page 1265.
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Cost of living - Spain, 1914-1924Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Nov 1925
Prices in SWITZERLAND, 1910s
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Switzerland - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Switzerland in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
Prices in TURKEY, 1910s
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Turkey - Food prices as affected by the warProvides retail food prices in Turkey in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 170, published May 1915.
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Constantinople - Cost of living, 1914-1920Per-person costs of food and necessities in Constantinople for July 1914 & 1920. Expressed in Turkish piasters. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920
Wages in MULTIPLE COUNTRIES, 1910s
See tabs above for additional countries
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Retail food prices around the world, 1900 and 1910All prices listed in dollars. Tables on pages 43-52 list the retail prices of flour, butter, bacon, beef, mutton, ham, sugar and coffee in selected cities in the U.S., Austria, Canada, Nova Scotia, England, Germany, France, Russia, Bulgaria, Japan, Mexico
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Wages and prices abroad, 1900 and 1910Reports from consular offices show wholesale and retail prices for a variety of foods, clothing, agricultural products such as wool and hides and more in Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Japan, Belgium, Spain and more. Also discusses the the cost to rent in various countries.
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Monthly wholesale prices of commodities by country, 1913-1918Note that this source lists wholesale (not retail) prices. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, Japanese sake and more. Extensive tables span pages 56-375; check table of contents for page numbers: United Kingdom, France, Italy, Russia, Japan, India, Australia, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Argentina. Source: International Price Comparisons U.S. War Industries Board Price Bulletin #2, published 1919.
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Retail prices in foreign countries, 1912-1915Shows the retail prices of various food stuffs in 11 North American/European countries. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Sept 1915
Quotable facts for the 1910-1919 decade
In the United States...
- 69% of earners in 1914 had a personal annual income of less than $2,000. Source: NBER
- Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $29.50/month in 1910. Source: MO Dept of Agriculture
- College tuition was was $20/year at the Univ. of MO ca. 1911. Room, board and expenses were about $175/year and books were $10/year. Source: 1912 book.
- Carpenters earned 50¢ per hour in 1910 in Washington, D.C. Source: U.S. BLS
- Carpenter tool kits cost $15.30. Source: Sears Spring 1910 catalog
- Men's work boots cost $1.35 a pair. Source: Sears Spring 1910 catalog
- Engineers earned an average of $884 in their first year after graduating from college. Source: Engineering News, Sep 1915.
- Bread cost an average 5¢ per pound in 1912. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
- Milk cost an average 17¢ per half gallon in 1910. Source: U.S. BLS
- Coffee cost an average 27¢ per pound in 1910. Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture
- 19.7% of families purchased health insurance in 1918, at an average annual cost of $17. Source: U.S. BLS.
- Cars cost an average $2,214 in 1910 and $2,226 in 1919. Source: Automotive Industries
- The cost of living increased at least 63% and possibly as much as 78% between 1914 and 1921. Source: Nat. Industrial Conference Board.
Timeline -- Major Economic Events of the 1910s
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
"75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935"
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis.
(Click image for detail)
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