As soon as your doctor suggests a test or procedure, say you want a Good Faith Estimate. You could ask for Good Faith Estimates with and without going through insurance.
PROs:
Works well for procedures, diagnostic tests, etc. which are scheduled in advance
Protects the consumer against being billed in excess of $400 over the estimate
Shows medical billing codes, which you may use to price shop with competing providers
Generally provided with quick turnaround time
Widely available
CONs:
Not intended for emergency or urgent care services. Estimates are only available for scheduled services.