“Plagiarism is about putting outcomes ahead of processes.” Jason Chu, Education Director, Turnitin
Scientists and researches give credit to the people whose research they use or cite. They do this so that the readers & listeners can go and find the original studies. They also do it to respect the work of other people.
The main pieces of information that we need to know to find articles:
Author(s); Year; Title of article; Journal title; Volume; Pages. It can also help to have the DOI number and the issue number
The main pieces of information that we need to to know to find books:
Author(s); Year; Title; Publisher. If you are citing a specific chapter & the author of the chapter is different from the editor of the book, then give the chapter author & title as well.
The main pieces of information that we need to to know to find websits:
Author (if available); Title; Date; URL
Citation style guides have been written to make the above consistent. APA Style and MLA Style are two common ones. Below are examples of the basic article and book citations:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
Paraphrasing is your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form (Purdue OWL).
Purdue OWL https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/02/
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author (Purdue OWL).
The ultimate test of whether a quotation is necessary or not is this question: does it help support your thesis?
University of Illinois http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/tips/quotations/